History and Scope of Science
Synopsis
1. ‘Biology’ means “Science of life”. It is the study of living organisms (plants and animals), and their different life processes.
2. There are several institutes in India like the National Botanical Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Nutrition etc., where a lot of scientific research is being done in our country.
3. The branch of biology dealing with identification, classification and nomenclature of plants and animals is called Taxonomy.
4. Aristotle first classified plants and animals. He is considered as the first taxonomist.
5. John Ray used the term 'species' for the first time. Linnaeus introduced the Binomial Nomenclature.
6. Species is a group of organisms that closely resemble each other and freely interbreed with each other to produce a fertile offspring.
7. According to the new type of classification by Whittakar, the living organisms are divided into five groups : Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
8. Monera has primitive organisms which do not have nucleus in the cells.
Objective Bits
1. Soil conditions are changed by …......... (Deforestation)2. Penicillin is an ………… . (Antibiotic)
3. Earlier, insulin was obtained from ….. (Pigs)
4. Insulin is used to treat ……… disease. (Diabetes)
5. Artificial gene was synthesized by ……… (Khorana)
6. Father of Biology is .............. (Aristotle)
7. The word "biology" is a word from this language ............ (Greek)
8. Vaccine for Anthrax disease was discovered by ………… (Pasteur)
9. Existence of microorganisms was discovered by ………… (Leeuwenhoek)
10. Study of extinct plants is known as … (Palaeobotany)
11. Famous Palaeo-Botanist of India is …… (Birbal Sahani)
12. Study of birds is known as …… (Ornithology)
13. Ronald Ross was awarded Nobel Prize in the year ……… (1902)
14. 'Bird Man of India' is ……… (Salim Ali)
15. Fossil gymnosperm were discovered by ……………… (Birbal Sahani)
16. Father of Green Revolution in India is …… (Swaminathan)
17. 'Wizard of wonder drugs' is the title of the scientist ……… (Dr. Y. Subbarao)
18. Watson and Crick gave the structural model of ………… (DNA)
19. 'Tetracycline' was discovered by ............. (Dr. Y. Subba Rao)
20. 'Microscope' in Biology was invented by ......... (Antony Van Leeuwenhock)
21. Birbal Sahani made studies on ............. (Gymnosperms)
22. William Harvey explained ........... (Circulation of blood)
23. ICRISAT stands for .............. (International Crops Research Institute for the semi Arid Tropics)
24. CCMB carries out research on the...... and .......... of cells. (Structure and function)
25. Research on dryland crops is carried on at ......………… (IcrisAt)
26. The relationship between organisms and environment is studied under …......(Ecology)
27. The branch of biology dealing with the development from egg to adult is . (Embryology)
28. The branch of biology dealing with classification of plants and animals is ......(Taxonomy)
29. Study of heredity and variations is ...... (Genetics)
30. ………… introduced the Binomial system of nomenclature. (Linneaus)
31. First Taxonomist is …………… (Aristotle)
32. Chlorophyta and protozoa are the phyla under the kingdom …… (Protista)
33. Species Plantarum was written by ……… (Linnaeus)
34. Spores are produced by ……… (Fungi)
35. Animal kingdom is also called ............. (Metazoa)
36. Blue green algae belong to …… (Monera)
37. What is the Scientific name for Tamarind ................... (Tamarindus indica)
38. Scientific name for humanbeing ............ (Homo sapiens)
39. Name of the malarial parasite ................ (Plasmodium)
40. Diatoms belongs to ........... (Chlorophyta)
41. Paramecium belongs to ........... (Protozoa)
42. The organisms causing malaria and Amoebiasis belongs to the phylum .. (Protozoa)
43. The main difference between chlorophyte and protozoa is ..... (Presence of chloroplest)
44. The other name for Anemalia ............... (Metezoa)
45. This is not seen in sponges .......... (Locomotion)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Pasteurisation is a process of preserving1) Eggs 2) Meat
3) Milk 4) Fruits
2. Antibiotics kill
1) Bacteria 2) Viruses
3) Animals 4) Plants
3. The term biology was first used by
1) Lamarck 2) Aristotle
3) Columbus 4) De Vries
4. Deforestation results in
1) Destruction of forests 2) Soil erosion
3) Decrease in rainfall 4) All the above
5. Penicillin is obtained from
1) Bacteria 2) Fungi 3) Virus 4) None
6. Diabetes is cured by using
1) Insulin 2) Glucagon 3) Both 4) None
7. In Greek language what does 'Bios' mean?
1) science 2) life 3) plants 4) trees
8. The following is a genetic disorder
1) Diabetes 2) Typhoid
3) Malaria 4) Tuberculosis
9. The term "Genus" was introduced by
1) John Ray 2) Aristotle
3) Linneus 4) Lamark
10. Insects belongs to this phylum
1) Metazoa 2) Bryophyte
3) Mollusce 4) Arthropoda
11. Dr. Y. Subbarao discovered
1) Penicillin 2) Insulin
3) Tetracycline 4) Vaccine
12. Foundation for molecular biology was laid by
1) Watson & Crick 2) Ronald Ross
3) William Harvey 4) Leeuwenhoek
13. Prof. M.S. Swaminathan is responsible for implementing
1) Red revolution 2) Green revolution
3) Blue revolution 4) White revolution
14. Circulation of Blood was discovered by
1) Pasteur 2) Ross
3) Crick 4) William Harvey
15. 'Father of Biology' is
1) Pasteur 2) Aristotle
3) Khorana 4) None
16. Technique of 'in vitro fertilization' of plants in the test tube is introduced by
1) Ronald Ross 2) Maheshwari
3) Both 4) None
17. 'Continental Drift Theory' was given by
1) Khorana 2) Birbal Sahani
3) Alexander 4) All
18. Vaccine for 'Anthrax' was given by
1) Ross 2) Watson 3) Crick 4) Pasteur
19. First person to see bacteria under microscope
1) Leeuwenhoek 2) Ross
3) Crick 4) Watson
20. 'Father of modern plant embryology' is
1) Birbal Sahani 2) Maheshwari
3) Swaminathan 4) All
21. Work is carried out on cell biology at
1) NIN 2) CCMB 3) Both 4) None
22. "Study of Birds" is called
1) Anthropology 2) Ornithology
3) Embryology 4) Genetics
23. Research on medical sciences is carried on at
1) IARI 2) NIN 3) ICMR 4) All the above
24. ICRISAT is located at
1) Hyderabad 2) Pune
3) Delhi 4) Jaipur
25. NBRI conducts research on
1) Animals 2) Plants 3) Eggs 4) Fishes
26. 'Sisteme nature' is written by
1) John Ray 2) Linneus
3) Aristotle 4) Charaka
27. The scientific name of Mango is
1) Tamarindus indica
2) Mangifera indica
3) Hibiscus rosa
4) Papavar sommiferum
28. Branch of biology dealing with fossils is
1) Ecology 2) Genetics
3) Palaeontology 4) All
29. NIN is located at
1) Hyderabad 2) Ahmadabad
3) Chennai 4) Lucknow
30. "Homo sapiens" is the scientific name of
1) Monkey 2) Man
3) Gorilla 4) Horse
31. Sponges belong to the phylum
1) Chordata 2) Protozoa
3) Porifera 4) Metaphyta
32. Diatoms belong to the phylum
1) Chlorophyta 2) Metaphyta
3) Metazoa 4) Bryophyta
33. Insects belong to the phylum
1) Insecta 2) Arthropoda
3) Annelida 4) Chordata
34. The term 'species' is coined by
1) Linnaeus 2) John Ray
3) Aristotle 4) None
35. Sir Ronald Ross performed his experi-ments in this place
1) Hyderabad 2) Kolkata
3) Chennai 4) Simla
36. Doctor of first century AD in India who described plants and animals is
1) Sushruta 2) Dhanwantari
3) Charaka 4) None
37. The fungus among the following is
1) Slime moulds 2) Toadstools
3) Mushrooms 4) All
38. Mosses and Liverworts belong to
1) Gymnosperms 2) Angiosperms
3) Bryophytes 4) All
39. Roundworm belong to
1) Nematoda 2) Annelida
3) Protozoa 4) All
40. Hydra is a
1) Protozoan 2) Coelenterate
3) Both 4) Non
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