Microbial World
Synopsis
1. Viruses are the smallest of the micro-organisms which are visible only through the electron microscope. All viruses are parasites.
2. Viruses cause diseases like Measles, Smallpox, Chickenpox, AIDS, Polio etc.
3. Bacteria are omnipresent and do not have true nucleus.
4. Bacteria cause diseases like Cholera, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis etc.
5. Algae are autotrophic in nature. They are found in water.
6. Protozoans are single celled organisms. Examples are Euglena, Paramoecium, Amoeba, Plasmodium, Entamoeba etc.
7. Antibiotics like Penicillium are obtained from fungi.
8. Ripening of cheese is due to bacteria.
9. Fermentation, for the production of alcohol is due to yeasts.
10. Antibiotics are obtained from certain fungi like Penicillium.11. Fungal disease of wheat is Rust.
12. Fungal disease of sugarcane is red-rot of sugarcane.
13. Tikka or Leaf spot is a common disease occurring in groundnut.
14. Viruses are extremely small, transitory organisms between plants and animals.
15. Cholera, Typhoid, Pertusis, Diphtheria, Tetanus are the diseases caused by bacteria in man.
16. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leprosy by Mycobacterium leprae.
17. Malaria and Amoebic dysentery are the diseases caused by Protozoans in man.
18. Malarial parasite plasmodium lives in the RBC of human beings.
19. Helminth worms also cause diseases like Ascariasis in children.
20. Edward Jenner discovered vaccine for the first time.
21. Vaccination gives prolonged immunity while serum injection gives short term immunity.
Objective Bits
1. Autotrophic micro-organisms have ........ (Chlorophyll)2. A cell in which the micro-organism lives is called ……… (Host)
3. Blue - green algae are similar to ………… (Bacteria)
4. …………………...is an example for visible structure of fungi. (Mushrooms)
5. Penicillin is produced by ……… (Penicillin notatum)
6. Study of viruses is ……… (Virology)
7. ……………… are fungi that grow on clothes, paper, wood. (Moulds)
8. Fungi release chemicals called ……… (Enzymes)
9. Plasmodium causes ................. (Malaria)
10. Virus or micro - organism which lives inside the cell is ............ (Parasite)
11. The green algae living in water swim with the help of ........ (Flagella)
12. Microscopic green algae are called ......... (diatoms)
13. Bacteria were first discovered by .............. (Leeuwenhoek)
14. Study of bacteria is called .............. (Bacteriology)
15. Fine thread like structures in bacteria are called ............... (Flagella)
16. Organisms without nucleus are called ...... (Prokaryotes)
17. Mycilia are the vertical filaments rising from ...................... (Hyphae)
18. Cilia are the locomotory organellae in .................. (Paramoecium)
19. Viruses reproduce only when they are attached to ...................... (host cells)
20. Study of micro-organisms is called ..... (Microbiology)
21. .............. is a powerful microscope. (Electron microscope)
22. By fermenting starch solution, ………… is prepared. (Yeast)
23. Example for nitrogen fixing bacteria is …………… (Rhizobium)
24. Milk is converted into curd by … (Lactic acid bacteria)
25. ………… are used in genetic engineering experiments. (Bacteria)
26. Milk protein is …………… (Casein)
27. The partners of symbiosis are called ..… (Symbionts)
28. Alcoholic beverages are made by ……… (Fermentation)
29. Streptomycin is an …………… (Antibiotic)
30. Blue - green algae are used as ………… (Biofertilizers)
31. Common disease in groundnut is ……… (Tikka)
32. Red-rot is a common disease of ……… (Sugarcane)
33. Wheat - Rust is a …………… disease. (Fungal)
34. Pathology is the study of … (diseases)
35. Necrosis is the …… parts. (death of infected)
36. Conidia are the ……… of …… (small spores, fungus)
37. Circular spots on the leaves of groundnut plant are seen in disease …… (tikka)
38. …………disease spreads through droplets of saliva. (Mumps)
39. Swelling of salivary glands is seen in ……… disease. (Mumps)
40. Chicken pox is a …… disease. (Viral)
41. Rubella is another name for ……(Measles)
42. The time period required for the disease symptoms to appear is called …… (Incubation period)
43. Study of viruses is called ……… (Virology)
44. Viruses that affect bacteria are called ……… (Bacteriophages)
45. The genetic material in viruses is ……… (DNA or RNA)
46. Chickenpox spreads by ………… (Contact)
47. Mosaic pattern of colouration is seen in leaves during ……… (Viral infection)
48. Poliomyelitis affects the ……………… system in children. (Nervous)
49. Poliomyditis is also known as ............... (Infantile paralysis)
50. Common cold is caused by .......(virus)
51. Amoebic dysentery is caused by ……… (Entamoeba hystolytica)
52. Plasmodium causes …………… (Malaria)
53. DPT vaccination is given against ……… (Diphtheria, Pertusis and Tetanus)
54. Malarial parasite lives in the …………… cells of man. (Red blood)
55. Leprosy is caused by ………… (Mycobacterium leprae)
56. Tuberculosis affects ……………… (lungs and respiratory system)
57. Scientific name of roundworm is ……… (Ascaris lumbricoides)
58. Roundworm occurs in the ……… of man. (intestine)
59. The protozoan parasite that causes mala-ria is ………… (Plasmodium)
60. Shivering chill, high temperature and sweating are the symptoms of the disease … (Malaria)
61. Malaria is spread by the infected ……… (Female anopheles mosquito)
62. …… disease causes anaemia. (Malaria)
63. Leprosy is caused by the bacterium …………… (Mycobacterium leprae)
64. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by ………… (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
65. ………… are the major organs affected by Tuberculosis. (Lungs)
66. The disease that occurs through open wounds and broken skin surfaces is …… (Tetanus)
67. Tetanus is also called ……… (Lockjaw)
68. Irritating cough followed by a 'whoop' sound is seen in …… disease. (Pertusis)
69. Pertusis is caused by the bacterium ………… (Bacillus Borditellapertusis)
70. Typhoid is caused by the bacterium ………… (Salmonella typhi)
71. Cholera is caused by a bacterium called ………… (Vibriocholera)
72. Scabies is caused by ……… (Itchmite)
73. Filaria is transmitted by ………(Mosquito)
74. The vector for liverfluke is …… (Snail)
75. Indians are more resistant to ………… than Africans. (Tuberculosis)
76. Africans are resistant to ….... (Malaria)
77. D.D.T. is an example for … (Insecticide)
78. Fungi are killed by ………… (Fungicides)
79. Insects are killed by …… (Insecticides)
80. Vaccination was discovered by ………… in ……… year. (Jenner; 1776)
81. Eating of spoiled food results in … (Vomiting, diarrhoea)
82. During Pasteurisation, milk is heated to … .....°C and cooled to ….. °C. (72°, 10°C)
83. Chemicals used in the baits for killing rats are ……… and …………
(Zinc phosphide, Zinc phosphate)
84. When the water content of food is redu-ced to …… micro-organisms cannot grow. (5%)
85. Milk may contain bacteria causing diseases like..... (Diphtheria, Tuberculosis)
86. Damage to the food grains by rats is estimated to be around …… (30% – 40%)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Blue - green algae are similar to1) Bacteria 2) Viruses
3) Green algae 4) All
2. Plasmodium is a protozoan which causes 1) Diarrhoea 2) Malaria
3) Cholera 4) All
3. Saprophytic fungi are called
1) Moulds 2) Colonies
3) Both 4) None
4. Microscopic green algae of oceans are called
1) Spirogyra 2) Volvox
3) Diatoms 4) All
5. Fine thread like cells of bacterial cells are called
1) Cilia 2) Flagella
3) Hair 4) None
6. What is the cell in which virus lives
1) Guest 2) Host
3) Both 4) None
7. Microorganisms with a definite nucleus are called
1) Eukaryotes 2) Prokaryotes
3) Both 4) None
8. Mumps is caused by
1) Bacteria 2) Virus
3) Insect 4) All
9. AIDS is caused by
1) Bacteria 2) Virus
3) Mosquito 4) Housefly
10. Study of bacteria is called
1) Bacteriology 2) Virology
3) Entamology 4) All
11. Rhizobium leguminosarum is found in the roots of
1) Groundnut 2) Onions
3) Mango 4) None
12. Penicillin is produced by a
1) Algae 2) Fungus
3) Plants 4) Fishes
13. Example to antibiotic
1) Alcohol 2) Starch
3) Chlorine 4) Chloromycetin
14. Gas used in nitrification
1) O2 2) Nitrogen
3) Chlorine 4) Hydrogen
15. Cheese is obtained from
1) Lactic acid 2) Nitrates
3) Yeast 4) Milk
16. Fermentation is a kind of
1) Photosynthesis
2) Aerobic respiration
3) Anaerobic respiration
4) None
17. Bacteria and higher plants, help each other for mutual benefit. Such co-operation iscalle 1) Nitrification 2) Symbiosis
3) Both 4) None
18. Conversion of amino acids to ammonia is done by
1) Ammonifying bacteria
2) Nitrifying bacteria
3) Both 4) None
19. Gas produced from animal excreta
1) Bio-gas 2) O2
3) CO2 4) NO2
20. Penicillin was discovered by
1) Alexander Fleming 2) Jenner
3) Leeuwenhoek 4) All
21. Byproducts of fermentation
1) Alcohol 2) CO2
3) Energy 4) All
22. Study of disease is called
1) Pathology 2) Physiology
3) Carniology 4) None
23. Leaf blight is caused by
1) Fungus 2) Virus
3) Bacteria 4) Algae
24. The organisms that cause disease are
1) Carcinogens 2) Pathogens
3) Both 4) None
25. Blast of rice is a …… disease.
1) Bacterial 2) Viral
3) Fungal 4) None
26. Common fungal disease in wheat is
1) Rust 2) Red - rot 3) Tikka 4) None
27. The outer coat in viruses is made up of 1) Lipid 2) Protein
3) Carbohydrate 4) All
28. Rubella is another name for
1) Measles 2) Small pox
3) Mumps 4) Cholera
29. Death of the infected tissue is called
1) Chlorosis 2) Necrosis
3) Both 4) None
30. If a disease spreads rapidly and affects a large number of people, it is called
1) Epidemic 2) Endemic
3) Pandemic 4) None
31. Mumps virus attacks these glands
1) Salivary, Parotid glands 2) Thyroid
3) Pituitary 4) All
32. Bacillus pertusis causes
1) Whooping cough 2) Tetanus
3) Typhoid 4) Malaria
33. Malarial parasite undergoes changes in the body of
1) Hen 2) Cockroach
3) Pig 4) Mosquito
34. Tetanus is also called
1) Diphtheria 2) Lockjaw
3) Both 4) None
35. Bacterial disease among the following is
1) Malaria 2) Dysentery
3) Mumps 4) Typhoid
36. Which of the following is not a bacterial disease ?
1) Mumps 2) Cholera
3) Tetanus 4) Typhoid
37. Incubation period of Diphtheria is
1) 10 – 15 days 2) 2 – 5 days
3) 9 – 18 days 4) None
38. Incubation period of whooping cough
1) 1 – 10 days 2) 10 – 16 days
3) 16 – 32 days 4) 32 – 64 days
39. Roundworm which lives in the intestine is
1) Ascaris 2) Plasmodium
3) Amoeba 4) Entamoeba
40. Amoebic dysentery is caused by
1) Bacteria 2) Fungi
3) Virus 4) Protozoa
41. 'Triple Antigen' contains vaccine against
1) Diphtheria 2) Pertusis
3) Tetanus 4) All the above
42. The surface of micro-organisms contain
1) Antigens 2) Antibodies
3) Serum 4) Plasma
43. The protein released by the body against antigens are
1) Antigens 2) Antibodies
3) Serum 4) Plasma
44. To develop antibodies against a disease, the substance injected is
1) Antigen 2) Antibody
3) Vaccine 4) Serum
45. A vaccination was discovered by
1) Jenner 2) Pasteur
3) Both 4) None
46. Flies and Cockroaches can be killed by spraying of chemicals like
1) D.D.T. 2) Powder
3) Both 4) None
47. Chemicals that kill fungi are called
1) Fungicides 2) Rodenticides
3) Both 4) None
48. What is used for vaccination ?
1) Serum 2) Dead Microorganisms
3) Blood 4) All
49. Mosquitoes act as vectors for
1) Malaria 2) Filaria
3) Both 4) None
50. These cells are useful for Natural immunity
1) R.B.C. 2) W.B.C.
3) Kidney cells 4) Digestive cells
51. Africans are resistant to
1) Malaria 2) Amoebic desentery
3) Yellow-fever 4) All
52. Rats spread diseases like
1) Malaria 2) Plague
3) Filaria 4) Tuberculosis
53. Vaccination was discovered in the year 1) 1786 2) 1756 3) 1776 4) 1886
54. Ethylene dibromide is used for the control of
1) Insects 2) Rats 3) Cats 4) Dogs
55. Freshness in vegetables is preserved by
1) Freezing 2) Smoking
3) Filtering 4) Dehydration
56. Bacteria grow rapidly at
1) 10° – 20°C 2) 20° – 40°C
3) 40° – 50°C 4) 0°C
57. Mechanical driers are largely employed on
1) Houses 2) Industries
3) Kitchens 4) None
58. Method used in preservation of pickles is
1) Smoking 2) Freezing
3) Salting 4) Drying
59. Milk is stored for a longer time by a process
1) Pasteurisation 2) Volatalization
3) Evaporation 4) Freezing
60. Fumigation is a technique used to kill
1) Micro - organisms 2) Insect pests
3) Protozoans 4) Helminths
61. Growth of micro-organisms can be prevented by
1) Drying 2) Freezing
3) Pasteurization 4) All
62. Freshness of the food items is obtained by
1) Drying 2) Quick freezing
3) Canning 4) Salting
63. Fungal growth can be identified by the presence of
1) Mycelia 2) Hyphae
3) Sporangia 4) All
64. During Pasteurisation, milk is heated to
1) 70°C 2) 72°C 3) 62°C 4) 60°C
65. After Pasteurisation, milk is stored at
1) 10°C 2) 20°C 3) 30°C 4) 40°C
Answers
1) 1 2) 2 3) 1 4) 3 5) 2 6) 2 7) 1 8) 2 9) 2 10) 111) 1 12) 2 13) 4 14) 2 15) 4 16) 3 17) 2 18) 1 19) 1 20) 1
21) 4 22) 1 23) 2 24) 3 25) 3 26) 1 27) 2 28) 1 29) 2 30) 1
31) 1 32) 1 33) 4 34) 2 35) 4 36) 1 37) 2 38) 2 39) 1 40) 4
41) 4 42) 1 43) 2 44) 3 45) 1 46) 1 47) 1 48) 2 49) 3 50) 2
51) 4 52) 2 53) 3 54) 1 55) 1 56) 2 57) 2 58) 3 59) 1 60) 2
61) 4 62) 2 63) 4 64) 2 65) 1
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