Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
2. Crop rotation helps to control weeds and plant diseases.
3. Pesticides, Fungicides, Herbicides are used for controlling diseases and weeds.
4. Fertilizers are of two types : Chemical and natural fertilizers.
5. There are four methods for weed control.
1) Physical method
2) Chemical method
3) Crop rotation method
4) Biological method.
1. Physical method : In this method weeds can be removed by hand pulling, poling, tilling and burning. It is time consuming and expensive.
2. Chemical method : Chemicals which kill the weeds are called herbicides or weedicides.
Eg : 2 – 4 D. Herbicide solution is taken in sprayers, by dissolving herbicide in water. Spraying of this solution at proper time controls weeds.
3. Crop rotation method : Changing the crop type in successive seasons also controls the growth of weeds. Eg : Rice and redgram are cultivated in successive seasons.
4. Biological method : Employing some insects which kill the weeds also prevents the growth of weeds.
6. There are three types of irrigation. They are :
1) Surface Irrigation 2) Furrow Irrigation 3) Sprinkler Irrigation
1. Surface Irrigation : Land should be plain and levelled for this method of irrigation. In this method water flows on the surface of the field.
2. Furrow Irrigation : In this method the field has ridges and furrows. The plants are grown on these elevated ridges. When the field is watered, water flows into the furrows so that the ridges and its top are not wet directly. This method is used for sugarcane and vegetable crops.
3. Sprinkler Irrigation : In this method water is sprayed over the surface of the field with the help of sprinklers so as to distribute it all over the field. In this system pipes or tubes are used for carrying water to sprinkler heads or nozzles.
7. Virus, bacteria and fungi cause disease in crop plants which results in economic loss to the farmer.
8. Triestza, mosaic and yellow corky vein are some of the viral diseases and citrus canker is a bacterial disease in citrus.
9. Leaf minor, citrus butterfly aphids are the pest diseases in citrus.
10. Downy mildew is a fungal disease in grapes and coconut wilt disease is a viral disease.
11. Use of pesticides at right time in required doses helps to control infection by pests.
The following precautions are to be taken by farmers while spraying pesticides :
12. Pesticides must be sprayed in correct dosage on the affected areas of the infection at appropriate climatic conditions. They should be diluted properly.
13. They should be diluted properly.
14. While using pesticides body should be properly covered, hands should be protected with gloves, mouth and nose with a mask and eyes with spectacles.
15. Spraying should be done at specific stage of the crop.
16. Buckets and measuring vessels which are used for this purpose are to be kept separately and should not be used for other purposes.
17. One should not eat, drink or smoke while spraying.
18. After spraying hands should be repeatedly washed, bath should be taken and clothes are to be changed.
19. Indiscriminate use of pesticides should be avoided.
20. Growing fish in large numbers is called Pisciculture. Fishes present in seas are called marine fishes.
21. There are two stages in fish farming :
1) Breeding and collection of eggs.
2) Hatching of eggs and rearing of fish.
22. Breeding of fishes in specially designed chambers is called induced breeding.
23. Pituitary gland extract is injected into the fishes to induce breeding.
24. Proper care must be taken in each and every step of Pisciculture like site selection, pre stock & post stock periods, storage and transportation.
25. Milk is a wholesome food as it has proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals required for growth and development of the body.
26. For improvement in milk production India introduced operation flood or white revolution programme.
27. Hybrid cows yield more milk, which are produced by crossing between native cows and bulls from other countries.
28. Modern methods like artificial insemination, super copulation and embryo transfer technique are used for the production of large number of hybrid cows.
29. In our country milk and milk products are important components of food.
30. The demand for these products is increasing due to increase in population.
31. Poeple in our country depend more on cows and buffaloes for the milk and milk products.
32. Our farmers are mainly concentrating on growing crops.
33. So, they are not paying much attention for breeding of these animals.
34. To solve this problem our country started operation flood programmes or white revolution.
35. Its main object is to improve quality and quantity of milk products.
36. The methods adopted by the farmers for dairy operations are not scientific.
37. In artificial insemination frozen semen collected from a selected bull is introduced into the female cows for fertilizing its eggs.
38. The advantages of this method are :
Semen collected from one bull can be used for inseminating 3000 cows.
39. By this method import cost of bulls is reduced.
40. we can import even sperm vials of selected bulls in frozen condition from other countries.
objective bits
1. A chemical that kills a weed is called ............... (Herbicide(or) Weedicide)
2. Chemical name for 2, 4 – D is ............... (2,4 –Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid)
3. Crop land must be plain and levelled in ............................... (In surface irrigation)
4. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc etc., are the ........................... required for plant growth. (Nutrients)
5. Organic manure or compost is also called as ....................... (Natural manure)
6. Rotation of crops can control .............. in the field. (Weeds and diseases)
7. .................. is the important factor for plant growth. (Water)
8. Herbicide is used to ................... (Remove weeds)
9. Rhinoceros beetle attacks the ........ plant. (Coconet)
10. Empty pesticide tins are to be ............ in the soil. (Buried)
11. Best method of preventing disease is to use seeds of .............. varieties.
(Ceitified and lerisatant)
12. Citrus canker is caused by .................. bacteria. (Xanthomonas citri)
13. ............. and .............. should not spray pesticides in the field.
(Children and pregnant women)
14. Citrus fruits are rich in ............. vitamin. (C)
15. Triestza viruses are transmitted by .......... (Aphids)
16. Veins are prominent in the leaves infected by ....................... (Yellow cork vein virus)
17. Yellow corky vein virus is transmitted by ................ (Cassytha a stem parasite)
18. Monocrotophos is sprayed to control insects like (Citrus leaf minor and other insect pests)
19. Coconut wilt disease is caused by ........ (Virus)
20. Indiscriminate use of pesticides causes ...................... in insects. (Resistant to pesticides)
21. .................... is better than pesticide spraying to control insect population.
(Biological control)
22. Citrus plants are propagated by ............. (Budding)
23. A stem parasite ................ spreads the disease of yellow corky vein. (Cassytha)
24. Scientific name for grape is ............. (Vitis vinifera)
25. The vitamin present in the citrus fruit is .......................... (Vitamin C)
26. Cassytha is ................... parasite. (Stem)
27. .............. is the fungal disease in grapes. (Downy mildew)
28. ................... coconut varieties are shorter and came to flowering earlier. (Hybrid)
29. Coconut virus wilt virus is carried by ................... vector. (Insect)
30. For getting advises and guidance in using the pesticides we have to consult ................... (Local agricultural experts)
31. Fishes living in sea water are called ....... (Marine fishes)
32. Channa punctata is a ........... fish. (Fresh water pond)
33. To induce breeding ............... extract is injected into the fish. (Pituitory gland)
34. Continuous water supply to the fish pond provides ................. and helps to remove ..................... (Oxygen, Waste materials)
35. Mackarel is the common sea fish scientifically called as ........... (Rostrelliger kanagurtha)
36. The fishes which are ready for breeding are called ................ (Breeders)
37. Newly hatched fishes are called .............. (Spawn)
38. ............. is the best season for breeding by fish. (Monsoon / rainy season)
39. Dykes are the slices which help in ......... .......... water in the pond. (Regulating)
40. Scientific name of erramosu is ............... (Cyrrhinus mrigala)
41. Name of the bacteria which are destroyed before canning are .... (Clostridium botulinum)
42. Fish farming is called ...................... (Pisciculture)
43. Fishes which control weed population are called ...(Tilapia mossambica, Cyprinus carpio)
44. ...................... of fish results in spreading of parasites rapidly. (Over crowding)
45. ...................... is the harmful bacterium in fish tanks. (Clostridium botulinum)
46. ...................... soil is best suited for fish ponds. (Clay)
47. Sperms from selected bulls are stored in ................. medium. (Liquid Nitrogen)
48. ............... and ........... cows are the most preferred varities of cows. (Jersy and Holstein)
49. In artificial insemination sperms are stored at a temperature of .......... (– 196 oC)
50. Semen released from one ejaculation of a bull can be used for ............... cows by artificial insemination method. (3000)
51. Cows used in embryo transfer technique are called ............... (Carrier cows)
52. Operation flood is also known as ........... (White Revolution)
53. Jersy from ............... and Holstein from ............... are the most preferred varities of cows. (England, Denmark)
54. Releasing of more than one ovum in one cow is called ............... (Superovulation)
55. Developing embryos into calves in the carrier cows is called .....
(Embryo transfer technique)
56. The dung obtained from the cattle is mixed with ............... to produce biogas. (Bacteria)
57. In other countries the meat obtained from cattle is used as ........ (Staple food item)
58. In one life time, a cow can give birth to a maximum of ............... calves. (8 – 10)
59. The semen from one bull can be stored and used for fertilizing approximately ............... cows. (3,000)
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Ploughing helps to1) distribution of nutrients
2) remove micro-organisms
3) identify weed
4) 1 & 2
2. Sprinkler system of irrigation is more useful
1) Cooling the crop
2) Controlled water supply
3) Sandy soils
4) All the above
3. One of the following is a natural manure
1) Green manure 2) Garden manure
3) Compost 4) All
4. Weeds compete with crop plants for
1) Water 2) Space
3) Nutrients 4) All
5. Essential nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium are supplied through the application of
1) Chemical manures 2) Raw-materials
3) Salt compounds 4) None
6. Shape of plough is
1) T shape 2) C shape
3) V shape 4) L shape
7. The number of furrows made by tractor
1) 3 to 5 2) 1 to 2
3) 10 to 15 4) 20 to 25
8. What is another name for Herbicide ?
1) Fungicide 2) Insecticide
3) Weedicide 4) D.D.T.
9. Throwing the seeds at random is called 1) Broadcasting 2) Transplantation
3) Seed drill 4) Sprinkler
10. Germination percentage of seeds can be tested by keeping the seeds in water for
1) 24 days 2) 24 seconds
3) 24 minutes 4) 24 hours
11. Viral and bacterial diseases can be controlled by
1) change in the height of crops
2) plucking the weeds
3) destruction of vectors
4) seeds treated with water
12. Xanthomonas oryzae causes disease in
1) Coconut 2) Grape vine
3) Paddy 4) Citrus
13. Fruits drop off before they grow fully in this disease
1) Citrus canker
2) Corky vein virus
3) Mosaic virus disease
4) Downy mildew
14. These insects make a small hole in the leaves and flowers and their head
1) Mosaic insects 2) Citrus insects
3) Arachid insects 4) Aphids
15. Viruses depend for their transmission from one host to the other on
1) Host 2) Vectors
3) Venters 4) None
16. Viral disease on citrus crop
1) Triestza 2) Mosaic
3) Yellow corky vein 4) All
17. Coconut wilt is caused by
1) Bacteria 2) Virus
3) Fungi 4) All
18. Xanthomonas citri is the
1) Bacteria 2) Virus
3) Fungi 4) All
19. Cassytha is a
1) Root parasite 2) Stem parasite
3) Both 4) Autotroph
20. Citrus fruits contain large amount of which vitamin
1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B
21. Cheapest natural resource for vitamin C is
1) Coconut 2) Grapes
3) Citrus 4) Mango
22. Triestza disease is caused by
1) Virus 2) Bacteria
3) Protozoan parasite 4) Insect
23. Name of the plant on which Triestza disease is seen
1) Mango 2) Coconut
3) Grapes 4) Citrus
24. Name of the disease caused by Xanthomonas
1) Triestza 2) Mosaic
3) Yellow corky vein 4) Citrus canker
25. Name of the plant in which mosaic is seen
1) Citrus 2) Grapes
3) Coconut 4) Mango
26. Name of the plant in which yellow corky vein is seen in
1) Mango 2) Grapes
3) Citrus 4) Coconut
27. Name of the plant in which Downy mildew is seen in
1) Mango 2) Coconut
3) Citrus 4) Grapes
28. Name the plant in which Vine girdle beetle is seen
1) Grape 2) Coconut
3) Citrus 4) Papaya
29. Name of the plant in which Rhinoceros beetle is seen
1) Citrus 2) Coconut
3) Grapes 4) Mango
30. The mark which the farmer has see while he buys pesticide is
1) I.C.I. 2) I.N.I. 3) I.D.I. 4) I.S.I.
31. Fish ponds should be constructed during 1) Summer 2) Winter
3) During rains 4) After rains
32. Protein content in fishes is
1) 15 to 25% 2) 25 to 50%
3) 50 to 75% 4) 75 to 85%
33. Fish is an excellent source for vitamin
1) B 2) D 3) C 4) None
34. Catla catla is the scientific name for
1) Waluga 2) Boche
3) Rohu 4) Pedda boche
35. Pedda boche is the common name for
1) Cyprinuscarpio 2) Cirrhinus
3) Channa 4) Hila
36. Scientific name for Mattagidasa
1) Catla catla 2) Lobio rohita
3) Anabas sarora 4) Channa punctata
37. Modern methods of fishing includes
1) Mechanised boats 2) Trawller nets
3) Boat sines 4) All
38. Hilsa hilsa is the scientific name of
1) Polasa 2) Sora
3) Sudum 4) Vanamatta
39. Fishes are grown to adult size in
1) Nursery ponds 2) Rearing ponds
3) Stocking ponds 4) Hatcheries
40. Scientific name for Kanagurtha
1) Trichiuris lepturus
2) Scolidon
3) Rostrelligen kanagurtha
4) Horpodon neherius
41. Fertilizing the pond is necessary to promote
1) Fertility of soil 2) Purity of water
3) Growth of plankton 4) Predators
42. Growing fish in large numbers is called
1) Sericulture 2) Horticulture
3) Apiculture 4) Pisciculture
43. Fishes used to control weed population under biological control are
1) Tilopia mossambica
2) Cyprinus carpio
3) Scoliodon
4) 1 & 2
44. The shape of the pond is
1) Rectangular 2) Circular
3) Triangular 4) Square
45. Depth of stocking pond is
1) 5.5 M 2) 4.5 M
3) 2.5 M 4) 3.5 M
Answers
1) 4 2) 4 3) 4 4) 4 5) 1 6) 1 7) 2 8) 3 9) 1 10) 411) 3 12) 3 13) 3 14) 4 15) 2 16) 4 17) 2 18) 1 19) 2 20) 2 21) 3 22) 1 23) 4 24) 4 25) 1 26) 3 27) 4 28) 1 29) 2 30) 4 31) 1 32) 1 33) 2 34) 2 35) 1 36) 4 37) 4 38) 1 39) 2 40) 341) 3 42) 4 43) 4 44) 1 45) 3
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